How did they meet up with Nathan? How did they convince him to join them?

GrowthHackers - Airbnb

Ways you could have arrived at the idea for Airbnb

Looking for industries that are ripe for disruption.
- Look for any industry that was born and largely developed before the Internet. Even if the industry is currently using modern tech in some way, modern tech may have undermined some foundational assumptions that the existing industry is based on, such that a better solution is possible. For example, the hotel / motel industry is based on the foundational assumption that people seeking accomodation
- Look for industries that require equipment that people outside of that industry also have and aren't always using.
  - The hotel / motel industry requires rooms.
  - The taxi industry requires cars.
Looking for existing tech companies whose market may have grown beyond their ability to control all of it.
Look for any equipment / product that sits unused for significant periods of time.
- The thing is, your car and your housing are the two major expenses for most people. When I was going through my mom's expenditures I saw that those two things dwarfed all of her other expenses.
Look at what people are spending money on, group it by category. Each expenditure represents buying a solution to a problem. See if any of those problems could be solved more cheaply.

2008.08.11 - WSJ - The Business of Politics

San Francisco entrepreneurs Joe Gebbia and Brian Chesky are ardent supporters of Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama. They've attended his rallies and have an Obama '08 poster hanging in the hallway of their apartment, and Mr. Chesky has donated to the campaign.

But when running their start-up, AirBed & Breakfast Inc. -- a Web site that helps travelers find locals willing to rent them a spare bed -- they keep mum about their politics. In fact, they've approached both presidential campaigns in hopes they will promote their site to supporters trekking to the national party conventions.

2010 - "1000 days of AirBnB", AirBnB Founder - Brian Chesky - Startup School 2010

2011.03.16 - AVC - Airbnb

We couldn't wrap our heads around air mattresses on the living room floors as the next hotel room and did not chase the deal. Others saw the amazing team that we saw, funded them, and the rest is history. Airbnb is well on its way to building the "eBay of spaces." I'm pretty sure it will be a billion dollar business in time.
We made the classic mistake that all investors make. We focused too much on what they were doing at the time and not enough on what they could do, would do, and did do. I am proud that our portfolio is full of companies where we saw the vision before other investors did and backed a great team. But we don't always get it right. We missed Airbnb even though we loved the team. Big mistake. The cereal box will remain in our conference room as a warning not to make that mistake again.

2011.03.17 - Paul Graham - Subject: Airbnb

Ideas can morph. Practically every really big startup could say, five years later, "believe it or not, we started out doing ___." It just seemed a very good sign to me that these guys were actually on the ground in NYC hunting down (and understanding) their users. On top of several previous good signs.
(...)
The Airbeds just won the first poll among all the YC startups in their batch by a landslide. In the past this has not been a 100%
indicator of success (if only anything were) but much better than random.
(...)
Did they explain the long-term goal of being the market in accommodation the way eBay is in stuff? [NW: So they did see the potential for that.] That seems like it would be huge. Hotels now are like airlines in the 1970s before they figured out how to increase their load factors.
from: Fred Wilson
to: Paul Graham
date: Tue, Feb 17, 2009 at 2:05 PM
subject: Re: airbnb
They did but I am not sure I buy that
ABNB reminds me of Etsy in that it facilitates real commerce in a marketplace model directly between two people
So I think it can scale all the way to the bed and breakfast market
But I am not sure they can take on the hotel market
I could be wrong
But even so, if you include short term room rental, second home rental, bed and breakfast, and other similar classes of accommodations, you get to a pretty big opportunity
fred

from: Paul Graham
to: Fred Wilson
date: Wed, Feb 18, 2009 at 12:21 AM
subject: Re: airbnb
So invest in them! They're very capital efficient. They would make an investor's money go a long way.
It's also counter-cyclical. They just arrived back from NYC, and when I asked them what was the most significant thing they'd observed, it was how many of their users actually needed to do these rentals to pay their rents.
--pg

from: Fred Wilson
to: Paul Graham
date: Wed, Feb 18, 2009 at 2:21 AM
subject: Re: airbnb
There's a lot to like
I've done a few things, like intro it to my friends at Foundry who were investors in Service Metrics and understand this model
I am also talking to my friend Mark Pincus who had an idea like this a few years ago.
So we are working on it
Thanks for the lead
Fred

from: Paul Graham
to: Fred Wilson
date: Fri, Feb 20, 2009 at 10:00 PM
subject: airbnb already spreading to pros
I know you're skeptical they'll ever get hotels, but there's a continuum between private sofas and hotel rooms, and they just moved
one step further along it.
[link to an airbnb user]
This is after only a few months. I bet you they will get hotels eventually. It will start with small ones. Just wait till all the
10-room pensiones in Rome discover this site. And once it spreads to hotels, where is the point (in size of chain) at which it stops?
Once something becomes a big marketplace, you ignore it at your peril.
--pg

from: Fred Wilson
to: Paul Graham
date: Sat, Feb 21, 2009 at 4:26 AM
subject: Re: airbnb already spreading to pros
That's true. It's also true that there are quite a few marketplaces out there that serve this same market
If you look at many of the people who list at ABNB, they list elsewhere too
I am not negative on this one, I am interested, but we are still in the gathering data phase.
fred

2011.05 - Dave Gooden - How Airbnb became a billion-dollar company
- Very, very interesting.
- A year and a half or so ago I was looking into the amazing growth of AirBnB. As disclosed above, I work in the vacation rental sector and when a competing company comes on my radar, I always do my due diligence. In my AirBnB research, I didn’t find great SEO results or a gazillion followers on Twitter or any massive advertising spends on Google or Facebook. I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find any rational or traditional reasons for this type of growth. All of these AirBnB users can’t be coming from tech blogs, can they? Word of mouth? I didn’t think so. After thinking on it for a day or two, only one possible answer popped into my head: “These guys are black hats!”
  
  (...)
  
  To prove my theory I needed to setup a “mouse trap” on craigslist, so I posted a few vacation rentals using craigslist’s hidden (anonymous) email address option and I made sure to setup the ads to clearly state that I do NOT want emails from commercial interests. A couple of hours later – BOOM! As expected, I received an email inquiry from one of my cl listings…but it wasn’t from AirBnB. The email I received was from a “young lady” telling me about the upside of AirBnB.com (growing site, growing traffic, etc..) and how she really liked my property and wanted me to check out the site. She was nice enough to included a direct link with no tracking code to AirBnB.com’s homepage. I was 99% sure that the email proved my theory and uncovered AirBnB’s black hat supply-side growth strategy…but I needed to be 100% sure.
  Again, the email I received was from “girlsname04@gmail.com,” not AirBnB. Maybe she was just a girl that was totally excited about AirBnB and I didn’t uncover anything. There was only one way to find out so I decided to push my “investigation” to the next level. It was time to dig into the closet and pull out my old, faded, dusty black hat. It still fit.
  I spent the next weekend building a new website, rounded up some black hat software (craigslist email harvester, mass mailer) and emulated the marketing initiative that I believed AirBnB was using (elementary stuff).
  After harvesting email addresses (I only grabbed real email addresses, not anonymous craigslist addresses) I did one email blast to people that were advertising vacation rentals on craigslist. I skipped over the other categories that are directly related to AirBnB’s business model because they didn’t fit with the test site I built. My results: 1,000+ vacation rental owners signed up and listed their properties on my test site.
  Now that I had 1,000 new members, I took it upon myself to do them a favor and advertise their vacation rentals on craigslist. The first week I added one (1) listing to craigslist and received the following email within 12 hours: (see images below)
  (...)
  When you scale a black hat operation like this you could easily reach tens of thousands of highly targeted people per day…and quickly gain 60,000 members on the supply-side, which again, is the hardest and most important part of growing a market place.
Images of the emails:
- (the last image is a different email from the next-to-last one; the bot sent a new email to the same person with the same content 1.5 hrs later)
- Note that the emails are not following exactly the same format, although they're almost exactly the same. The Tahoe email describes Airbnb as having a 'vacation rental' market while the other emails describe Airbnb as a 'housing' market.

2015.07.12 - Medium - 7 Rejections (Airbnb)

On June 26, 2008, our friend Michael Seibel introduced us to 7 prominent investors in Silicon Valley. We were attempting to raise $150,000 at a $1.5M valuation. That means for $150,000 you could have bought 10% of Airbnb. Below you will see 5 rejections. The other 2 did not reply.

Quora - How did AirBnB, Dropbox and Stripe do at their respective YC Demo Days?

Keith Rabois: AirBnB didn't present on DemoDay. They had already signed a term sheet with Sequoia and me, Kevin and Jawed.

First Round Review - How Design Thinking Transformed Airbnb from a Failing Startup to a Billion Dollar Business

At the time, Airbnb was part of Y Combinator. One afternoon, the team was poring over their search results for New York City listings with Paul Graham, trying to figure out what wasn’t working, why they weren’t growing. After spending time on the site using the product, Gebbia had a realization. “We noticed a pattern. There's some similarity between all these 40 listings. The similarity is that the photos sucked. The photos were not great photos. People were using their camera phones or using their images from classified sites. It actually wasn't a surprise that people weren't booking rooms because you couldn't even really see what it is that you were paying for.”

Graham tossed out a completely non-scalable and non-technical solution to the problem: travel to New York, rent a camera, spend some time with customers listing properties, and replace the amateur photography with beautiful high-resolution pictures. The three-man team grabbed the next flight to New York and upgraded all the amateur photos to beautiful images. There wasn’t any data to back this decision originally. They just went and did it. A week later, the results were in: improving the pictures doubled the weekly revenue to $400 per week. This was the first financial improvement that the company had seen in over eight months. They knew they were onto something.

This was the turning point for the company. Gebbia shared that the team initially believed that everything they did had to be ‘scalable.’ It was only when they gave themselves permission to experiment with non-scalable changes to the business that they climbed out of what they called the ‘trough of sorrow.’

“We had this Silicon Valley mentality that you had to solve problems in a scalable way because that's the beauty of code. Right? You can write one line of code that can solve a problem for one customer, 10,000 or 10 million. For the first year of the business, we sat behind our computer screens trying to code our way through problems. We believed this was the dogma of how you're supposed to solve problems in Silicon Valley. It wasn't until our first session with Paul Graham at Y Combinator where we basically… the first time someone gave us permission to do things that don't scale, and it was in that moment, and I'll never forget it because it changed the trajectory of the business”

Questions for the Airbnb founders

Joe said you guys quit your jobs as soon as Brian moved up from LA; what was the plan?

Founder-specific info

Brian Chesky

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Chesky

Chesky grew up in Niskayuna, New York and attended the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), where he met Joe Gebbia who would later go on to be co-founder and Chief Product Officer of Airbnb.

While at RISD, where Chesky earned a B.F.A in Industrial design,[2] he and his two friends ran the NADS Hockey Team. They were interested in turning the team into a brand as it was on the verge of cancellation. Through re-branding, the team came up with the notorious RISD mascot, Scrotie as the logo for the NADS Hockey Team. Chesky says that it "was [his] greatest creation yet."[3] He also credits the Scrotie project as one of his forays into entrepreneurship.

Chesky believes the best way to improve his service is to use a "eating your own dog food" method, which means using Airbnb himself. Since 2010, Chesky has not owned a home.[4]

https://twitter.com/bchesky

Joe Gebbia

Joe Gebbia - The Airbnb Story

This is a very useful postmortem.
They used the media to get the word out and grow, just like Elon Musk.
They used publicity stunts to get media attention, just like Richard Branson.
One lesson from this is that they were able to take something that had been done poorly by Craigslist, do it better, and make it into something that lots of people used.

How many of you have one of these? This is a Moleskin. [NW: Confluence is my equivalent.] This is a sketchbook. This is a container for ideas. Keep your hands up. Wow! That's a lot of people. Actually, hold your book up if you have one. Wow. Okay, when I say 'Cue Moleskin', I just need you to do that again. Awesome.

Well, my book is just like yours. My book is full of ideas, it's full of sketches, it's full of stories and inspiration. My book also has blank pages, just like yours. Pages that are waiting for us to fill them with stories and concepts. This book has seen a lot. There are some crazy product and business ideas in here that have never seen the light of day. Today I want to tell you about one that's jumped from these pages into the real world, and the story is Airbnb.

And it starts here (shows slide), at the Rhode Island School of Design, where I was pursuing a double-major in industrial and graphic design. This Moleskin saw a lot of use. It got a workout. It was at RISD where we learned to solve problems creatively. It was also at RISD where I met this guy. This is Brian Chesky, and we were industrial design students together at RISD. And besides studying the same subject, we had something else in common: we both knew that one day we wanted to be entrepreneurs. So, this feeling was so strong that I actually sat Brian down before we graduated and said, "Brian, I know that one day at some point in the future we're going to start a business together." And Brian looked at me and he kind of laughed it off. But I knew there was some truth to that. So he moved off to Los Angeles, I moved to San Francisco...and I moved here to be an industrial designer, I was working in the city for a book publisher, doing package design for them (NW: So that's where the cereal boxes came from. He had experience doing that kind of thing.). I was living in this great apartment, right in downtown San Francisco. It was spacious, it had lots of light; it was great way to get Brian to move up from Los Angeles to San Francisco. And he did. The minute that he did we both quit our jobs to become entrepreneurs. We let go of the salary, we let go of the paycheck and the benefits, and we took the plunge into the unknown. And there was a problem. The minute he moved up, our rent went up. And suddenly we found ourselves unable to afford our own apartment. We had to think and we had to think fast. It just so happens, that same weekend a design conference was coming to San Francisco that was so big that all the hotels had sold out in the city (NW: So look for situations where the existing supply isn't able to satisfy demand.) So: Cue Moleskin. We started to think creatively about how we could solve our problem of not being able to pay the rent. So we're sketching away in our living room and we're starting to think, "Hmm...man, we've got some extra space here (shows picture)...there's more over there! (shows picture...oh, look at all this extra space! (shows picture). And we started to come up with this idea of, what if we were able to blow up an air mattress, put it in our living room, and rent it out to designers who needed a place to stay for the conference?...We could go so far as to cook them breakfast...By the end of that night we had this concept called "AirBed & Breakfast" (laughter from audience).

So naturally we wanted to list our airbeds somewhere on the internet, and we made the logical next move, we went and we looked at Craigslist. This made sense, right? No! These people are going to be sleeping in our living room! We want to know who they are! So we decided to make our own site. (NW: This doesn't explanation of their motivation doesn't make sense to me. Even with their own site they would need to exchange identifying information with the other party.)

This is the first version of AirBed & Breakfast; we made this in 24 hours.   We had a site up and we encountered our next problem, which was, "How are people going to find out about AirBed & Breakfast?" So that night before bed, Brian and I, we emailed the top design bloggers that we could think of, and when we woke up the next morning it felt like Christmas. There we were at the top of some of our favorite blogs: SwissMiss, Core77, Unbeige. And suddenly, this idea that we had 48 hours earlier was now live on the internet. And we had people start writing us from around the world who wanted to stay in our living room.

So think for a minute: What type of person do you think would sleep on an airbed in somebody's living room? Probably dudes, probably pretty young, strapped for cash, just out of college? That's what we thought, too. We had three people stay with us, all over the age of 30. We had Kat, Amol, and Michael. Together the three of them helped us solve our problem: we made our rent that month. We made $1,000. They saved our apartment. But they actually did more than that. They shared their stories with us. Amol–Amol was a grad student in India, told us about his amazing thesis project; he was doing artificial intelligence. Kat's a web designer from Boston who gave us tips on how to improve the website. Collectively, the three of them inspired us to make AirBed & Breakfast real. So we added a new teammate. This is Nathan Blochosizk, our third cofounder. We now had design and engineering expertise on a founding team. And together the three of us decided, "Hey, this works for a conference in San Francisco...what if we did this for conferences around the United States? That makes sense...people can share airbeds for conferences." (NW: I'm reminded of Peter Thiel's advice to go after a particular niche and then expand from that.) So we saw that there was a conference coming up in Austin, Texas: every year around March, South by Southwest happens. And every year the same thing happens: hotels sell out, people need a place to stay last-minute, so we thought this was the perfect opportunity to launch the next version of AirBed & Breakfast. One problem: we had 14 days. After a couple of all-nighters, a lot of Redbull, we got the next version of the site up. This was "housing for conferences"  AirBed & Breakfast 2.0. So we used the site ourselves to go to Austin, and we learned two invaluable things that forever changed the company: the first is that it's extremely awkward to exchange money in person. We were having a great experience with our host, and suddenly the conversation turned to, "Where's my money." And we were like, "Agh, gosh, this just feels so wrong." So we started to wonder, what if you could book a room with the simplicity of using your credit card? Just like a hotel–you could book an average person's room just like a hotel room. The second thing we learned is that people want to travel beyond conferences. We were so limited in our scope that we didn't see the bigger picture, and the bigger picture is that people want to travel this way anywhere around the world. And so we revamped the site, AirBed & Breakfast 3.0 launched  in the summer of 2008, and we now had online transactions, and you could book a place anywhere in the world.

We encountered our next problem: How do people find out about AirBed & Breakfast? Well, it just so happens that in the summer of 2008 the press are writing stories about a really big event that's coming up. If you remember back to August of 2008, this was happening (shows a picture of the DNC). The Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. Barack Obama was giving his acceptance speech to 100,000 people, but only 30,000 hotel rooms. The press were having a heydey with this–they said, "Housing panic hits Denver", "Where will they stay?" So we timed our launch just in time for the Democratic National Convention (NW: Good example of piggybacking on national news.) And it worked. It actually felt like the design blogs all over again, except this time it was national. So we went from three guys working out of a living room with no money to...three guys working out of a living room with no money, but we had a ton of press. We thought we made it  (shows graph of site traffic) Look at this! Look at that spike! This is it! Hallelujah! (Clicks to show the rest of the graph, showing a flattening out)  We were wrong. In fact, it was this lull, this time in the history of Airbnb where a lot of people don't know about us...in the startup world they call this the trough of sorrow, where nobody's using your website, and you have to figure out how to get people to actually use it. So when you have a marketplace and nobody is using your marketplace, you have a lot of time on your hands. And that's when we cued Moleskin and we had this crazy late-night brainstorm in the kitchen, where we thought, "What if we were able to give our hosts a gift? Maybe a breakfast that they could give to their guests?" So we said, "Well, let's give them a breakfast cereal that they can hand off to their guests..." and one thing led to another, and we just started to brainstorm, "What if Obama had his own breakfast cereal?" And we said, "Well, that could actually be kind of funny..." we had this caricature of him, rays of light coming from behind the cereal bowl, and we came up with a really funny name for this breakfast cereal called "Obama O's" (shows a picture). In fact, I brought a box here. So we actually made the cereal from an idea we had in our Moleskin, and we thought, "Man, this design is so cool, we bet people would want to buy this, but how are we going to get the attention of people?" So, we went so far as to create a jingle for the cereal. Do you wanna hear the jingle? (Plays jingle.) So, we're a bipartisan company, if you do an Obama cereal you have to do a McCain cereal, this is during the presidential election, don't forget, so, knowing John McCain was an officer in the Navy, we came up with Cap'n McCain's, "A Maverick in Every Bite". And as you can imagine, we created a jingle for Cap'n McCain's as well. (Plays jingle.) So those are the two jingles. We ended up making 500 of each box, we numbered each one at the top, it was a very limited edition collector's item, and they ended up on CNN. So here we were on CNN doing an interview on breakfast cereal. After that piece went live orders started flying in; we were selling the boxes for $40 a piece. These were very limited-edition collectors items. So we'd have to go to the grocery store and buy hundreds of boxes of cereal at a time. We'd bring 'em back to our kitchen, and we'd actually box every single box of cereal in our kitchen. Meanwhile, Nate's like, "Cereal? Guys, I gotta go back to Boston." The Obama O's went on to be resold on eBay, they went on to be sold on Craigslist for $350, and we ended up selling out of Obama O's, and at $40 a box and 500 boxes, we made over $20,000 from breakfast cereal, and this is how we funded Airbnb in the early days. By selling cereal. The Cap'n McCains, by the way, didn't sell so well, and we ended up eating those for breakfast. But it was this project that got the attention of an incubator program in California called YCombinator. They loved the hustle, they loved the scrappiness that we had, and we applied to the program and we got in. It's harder to get into this program than it is to get into Harvard, so we were very, very fortunate to get into this program. The best part about it was that it brought the team back together. Nate flew back from Boston and for three months he slept on an airbed on the floor of my room. And together the three of us decided: for the next three months, we were going to do whatever it took to make Airbnb a profitable company, and when I say "profitable", what I mean–there's a term called "ramen profitable", where you're making just enough to pay rent and buy ramen. So, in order to reach this goal we drew a graph of what we would need to make, per week, on the site in order to reach ramen profitability. We taped the graph to our bathroom mirror and every morning we looked at it, every night we saw it before we went to bed. And we got back to work. A lot of late hours, working out of the apartment, but we knew that we needed to do something a little bit different. And that's when we cued Moleskin and we started to think creatively about how we could get the site going a little bit more. And one of those ideas was to actually leave our apartment and go out into the world and go meet the people using our website. So we did just that. We traveled all around the country meeting our users, and they gave us some of the best feedback we could ever have gotten. Word started getting out. (NW: was meeting with users a way of helping to get the word out?) People were talking about us. (Shows tweets.) (Quoting a tweet:) "I think airbnb is about to change my life. ha." And then this guy signed up (shows a picture of a listing.) This is David. He lives here in New York City. David is the drummer for Barry Manilow, which means he's on tour quite a bit. He's out of his apartment 2-3 weeks out of every month, and when he's not there he lists it on Airbnb. And this was the first entire apartment we had listed on our site. And so the marketplace started to widen a little bit. We went from airbeds, to private rooms, and now we had entire apartments. And the way you could book this now was very simple, you click the "Book it" button, put in your credit card, you get a reservation. After the stay David leaves a review for you and you leave a review for David. The marketplace continued to expand: we have places in the Hamptons now; we have beautiful places in the heart of Paris, entire apartments; you can even stay in a Frank Lloyd Wright house in Wisconsin, you can actually book this by the night. Before Airbnb it would just be impossible to find this place. (Shows a picture) Another architectural great: the Richard Meier Smith house in Connecticut, now available on Airbnb. (Shows a picture.) The market's expanding: we actually have treehouses on the site. This is Harrison; he built this treehouse for his kids who then went off to school, and suddenly he's like, "Hmm...what can I do with this treehouse?" He discovered Airbnb and listed it. There's now a six-month waitlist if you want to stay in the treehouse. Harrison pays his mortgage every month by renting the treehouse. (Shows a picture.) There's boats on the site–you can stay in boats all around the world. You can stay in a castle. We even have private islands on the site. You can literally book an island for $400 a night. So, did you guys think I can outdo this? (Shows a picture.) You can even book an igloo. So the market's expanding even beyond accommodations, people are listing all types of things, including cars: you can book a Tesla in San Francisco through Airbnb. This is a coworking space; you can actually book an office / coworking space through our site. This is an event space–it's an art gallery in Chicago that you can book by the day. So the marketplace is widening. In fact, just as this (waving around the Moleskin) is a canvas for us to get our ideas down, Airbnb has become a canvas too...(shows a picture) This is what we call the iPhone tent. This is the Apple store in San Francisco...(laughter from the audience)...you can see where this is going...This guy decided he wanted to be first in line, and so he put his tent up on Airbnb and he rented out the extra space in his tent. He got picked up across the internet, and he ended up renting his space and it paid for his iPhone. So what's happened is, we've started with airbeds, and what we've done is we've blossomed into this open marketplace of space, much like eBay did with stuff. (Shows a picture.) This is where we are today. We recently crossed a million nights booked on the site. (Applause.) Thank you. A lot of those nights were right here in New York City. So I asked a firm out in California named ____ to help us do visualizations of Airbnb's story in New York City.

(blah blah)

So, it's this social connection, connecting with the person and their spaces, it's about real spaces and real people with Airbnb. This is what we never anticipated, but this has been the secret sauce behind Airbnb. I've found a couple other people who feel these sentiments as well. (Shows a tweet.) "Biggest difference between Airbnb and a hotel? I've never wanted to leave a thank-you gift in a hotel." (Shows a tweet.) "I have the sweetest couple from Germany staying with me tonight through airbnb!" (Shows a tweet.) "Airbnb is probably the greatest thing since sliced bread, this is going to change the way people travel"

(blah blah blah)

https://www.producthunt.com/podcasts/how-i-built-this-airbnb-joe-gebbia

Nathan Blecharczyk

2013 - YC - Nate Blecharczyk at Startup School 2013

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