What to think about Twitter

• It seems to me that Twitter is best used for broadcasting your thoughts, images, and videos related to current events that are of interest to a wide audience.  I feel like it might be accurate to describe it in other words as being a platform for micro-press-releases.
  • The reason I say "wide audience" is that it seems to me that for a narrower audience you could have audience-specific features that would improve the experience.  This is what people have been predicting would happen with social networks for 20+ years: you'd have a social network specific to each group, with group-specific features.
  • Many people use it to relay some timeless insight they've had (i.e. not something specific to current events), but I feel like Twitter is not set up well to handle this use-case because, while it is certainly very easy to publish the idea, it is very difficult to effectively browse these ideas if you're looking specifically for insights on a particular issue / topic.  Hash-tags and searching by keyword are very imperfect solutions.
    • Example tweet: https://twitter.com/mwseibel/status/1002296239164088320
      • Michael Seibel: "I started part time at YC over 5 years ago and have now seen about 1000 YC companies. The thing that never ceases to amaze me is the success that comes from the companies that figure out how to stay lean and stay alive over the course of years."
    • On the other hand, having things more structured (the way my wiki is, for example) might increase the cost of publishing (i.e. the person tweeting might be forced to first categorize their tweet, costing them time), which might result in fewer valuable ideas being published.
• It seems similar to Facebook, except where the connections generally aren't based on real-world connections as much as intellectual ones (you generally follow people based on whether you like their ideas or not).
  • Facebook actually copied the idea of a 'news feed' from Twitter, so it's really that Facebook resembles Twitter more than the other way around.

My criticisms of Twitter

• It seems to me that the user isn't given enough control over their feed, and so my feed seems to be largely filled by frequent posters, and I don't actually get to see what infrequent posters have said unless I go to their profile. I'd prefer a second feed that just showed everyone you're following and what their most-recent tweet was (or most-recent 2 or 3 tweets).
  • I solved this problem by using Twitter's "Lists" feature, which I wasn't aware of when I wrote the comment above. I feel like Twitter should make that feature more obvious in their web app, maybe by having it featured somehow on the 'Home' feed page. They could have a side-box that said "Custom feeds" (or, I guess, "Lists", to use their term) and if you didn't have any, it would have a button that said "Create / Add custom feed" or something like that.
• The information you're getting from people is kind of random. You aren't being fed only those ideas which are relevant to some decision you immediately face.
  • It's also a mix of different kinds of information.
• There's no automated system for enforcing politeness (AFAIK), and so apparently a lot of the comments are not politely phrased.
  • The 140-character limit seems like a pretty good precedent for having restrictions on the content that people post. You could have users elect to either participate or not participate in certain restrictions, and then other users could limit tweets that they saw based on whether that tweet came from someone who had those restrictions enabled. Or they could kind of do what YouTube does, and have users flag the tweet as mean-spirited / racist / inflammatory / etc. and allow users to hide such content from their feed / DMs.
• It seems like a bunch of people on Twitter treat it like a game, where the aim is to see how many people you can get to follow you. That seems like it might lead to bad behavior.
• It may not be necessary to spend time with Twitter if your main goal from using the platform is to be able to have some product you create promoted to people. You can instead simply DM / email people who have followings that would find that product useful. That's what the Instagram guys did.
  • Counter: For many users, that is not the main reason they use Twitter; for example, it can be a great way to develop friendships with high-quality individuals who can later help you.

Others' Criticisms of Twitter

• (No longer an issue?) Twitter doesn't always display all replies to a tweet
  • 2009.05.13 - TechCrunch - KISS FAIL. You Can Now See Twitter Replies Sometimes, Except When You Can't.
    
    • This article states that, at the time of writing, you would only see @ replies that were typed out manually, and not those that were created by hitting the 'Reply' button. I don't think this is still the case.
  • 2011.04.26 - AdWeek - Missing Replies On Twitter? Can’t See Retweets And Shares? Use Twitter Search To Find Them All
    
    • This article is complaining about a different issue, where it seems random which tweets show up and which ones don't.
• 2014.10.29 - antirez.com - This is why I can’t have conversations using Twitter
  
  • Summary:
    • Many people on Twitter will read your tweet and form an opinion about it...
      • without first taking the time to fully understand the context in which you sent it.
      • without first taking the time to double-check that they are not "putting words in your mouth" / misreading what you said.
      • based on another user's interpretation of what you meant.
    • The large number of people on Twitter makes this problem more serious that it would be if the community was smaller (like, say, a forum).
    • "what you get is the wrong message retweeted one million times"
  • In the comments:
    • Twitter is a useless medium for having any sort of nuanced, conversational interaction. You're guaranteed to eventually fall into a misunderstanding with someone that can't be addressed without posting 10 tweets in a row and looking crazy. It certainly works much better as a broadcast medium and for giving occasional shout-outs, high fives, and anything you know isn't going to go beyond a short, positive interaction (i.e. not discussions, refutations, arguments, corrections, etc.)
      
      I took a month off of Twitter after a very prominent Twitter user retweeted a sarcastic observation I made to his half a million followers without any context.. for which I got a whole ton of shit from busybodies. After I returned, I basically vowed to keep things clean and unambiguous, to focus on using Twitter to achieve my aims, and to just block anyone I'm not interested in seeing immediately. It has worked quite well so far.
    • I share the frustration. If I spend 15 minutes thinking and writing something, I want people to spend more than 15 seconds trying to understand what I'm saying.
    • Twitter is a very interesting medium because it makes it extremely easy to communicate with interesting people, but with the 140c limit it often results in misunderstandings. That makes it a terrible platform for heated debates about somewhat controversual topics
      
• 2015.02.16 - The Atlantic - The Unbearable Lightness of Tweeting
• 2015.05.06 - BuzzFeed - Joss Whedon Calls “Horsesh*t” On Reports He Left Twitter Because Of Militant Feminists
  
  • "I just thought, Wait a minute, if I'm going to start writing again, I have to go to the quiet place," he said. "And this is the least quiet place I've ever been in my life. … It's like taking the bar exam at Coachella.
  • "I've said before, when you declare yourself politically, you destroy yourself artistically. Because suddenly that's the litmus test for everything you do..."
  • "There's no way to find any coherence when everything has to be parsed and decried."
  • the steady stream of just like, 'You suck, you suck, you suck' [on Twitter] — I don't really think I need to visit You Suck Land anymore."
  • "I so appreciate when people took the time to say something nice. But for my own self, it's like, at some point, you're just like a little compliment leech. That's not going to help your writing any more than people slamming on you."
  • I just had a little moment of clarity where I'm like, You know what? If I want to get stuff done, I need to not constantly hit this thing for a news item or a joke or some praise
  • "I think the articles that I found, I can find elsewhere," Whedon said. "I'll miss some jokes..."
• 2015.05.08 - Salon - Joss Whedon is right: Twitter is a loud, shallow waste of time — and I’m leaving, too
  
  • the dirty secret of Twitter is “Nobody clicks”; his own typical “engagement rate” on a link he posts is 0.07 percent, and ever since Twitter gave us the button to look at the “analytics” for individual tweets I’ve come to the conclusion that Dash’s engagement rate is actually unusually high–or at least higher than mine.
  • “Twitter is like doing cut-rate cocaine at a boring party where a lot of the guests dislike you.”
  • the ancient social ritual of gathering a bunch of unrelated strangers in a space and letting them bounce witty anecdotes and observations off each other to see what develops.
  • Praise: I’ve made friends on Twitter that I’d count as good friends; I’ve spoken to people who met their spouses on Twitter.
  • Praise: The feeling of just not being alone, of being able to see other people reacting to things at the same time you are–that’s the most seductive and most addictive thing about social media.
  • Parties are a great way to network, to make new friends, to have fun. They’re also a great way to throw time down the drain hoping to do all of the above things but failing to do so
  • Joss Whedon points out that it’s the compliments, the retweets, the favs that kept him constantly reloading his Twitter app. (...) You become like the attractive person who goes out just to get validation that you are in fact attractive.
  • Yes, Joss got harassment on Twitter. (...) yes, the constant static of haters probably played a role.
  • I have had to deal with angry trolls crossing over to abusive phone calls, attempts to hack my accounts, being doxed, etc.
  • you do have to deal with a relentless steady stream of people deliberately trying to fuck with you and ruin your day–and even after you get high-profile enough that it stops being worth your time to engage, the constant low-level irritation of hitting Twitter’s notoriously unreliable “Block” button gets to you.
  • very little seems to come out of my tweets–the exception is when the mob is riled up, at which point I can expect every tweet I’ve ever made to get dogpiled and dissected
  • too much easy stimulation, too much rapid-fire shallow interaction, too much noise.
• 2016.02.18 - The Guardian - Why do normal people struggle with Twitter?
  • “It’s overwhelming,” says Feely, a Facebook and Instagram regular. “It’s just an enormous time-suck for the amount of information you get from it.”
  • there’s the Chicago grad student who said using Twitter makes him “feel regret”.
  • ...British theater director who compared posting on the service to “throwing a pebble into a really unfriendly canyon”.
  • There's more I need to summarize.
• 2016.09.30 - Vanity Fair - Marc Andreessen Quit Twitter and Now He Feels “Free as a Bird”

How to use Twitter

Reasons to use Twitter

• Problem-solving
  • If your tweets are read by people who, you can get a bunch of quick advice on a topic (quicker than SO, and more responses)
• Inspiration / motivation
  • "It's a really nice place to get inspired by other creative ppl" - Pieter Levels
• Getting your side of the story out
  • "I love Twitter.... it's like owning your own newspaper--- without the losses." - Donald Trump

How to do various things

• How to do an advanced search: http://loudplace.com/twitter-search/
• How to undo a retweet / remove a retweet from your timeline:
  
  • Log in to your Twitter account and click the "Tweets" link below your name to view all your tweets. Retweets appear in the same section. Retweets have a green arrow in the upper-right corner of their box. Locate the retweet you wish to delete and then click the "Retweeted" link below the tweet to delete it. The "Retweeted" link changes to a "Retweet" link. (Source)
• How to get notified when someone mentions the name of your website. 
  • ?
• How to shorten links: they're shortened automatically. (Source)
• How to see a user's early tweets:
  • Advanced Search, or using the search bar: "from:username since:YYYY-MM-DD until:YYYY-MM-DD"
  • Twitter - First Tweet - An official part of Twitter that shows you a specified user's first tweet. Pretty cool!
  • AllMyTweets - When I tried it out it only seemed to go back ~1 month

How to use the different parts of Twitter

• 'Home' / your main feed
  • You can use this to browse for interesting things, similar to how you browse your Facebook wall (which was based on Twitter's feed IIRC)
    • ...but really it seems like you should ignore the home feed and just use list feeds instead, since there are a lot of people you'll want to follow for some reason or another who'll usually just fill up your feed with information you aren't interested in.
  • You can also use this to spot new tweets from people you're following as soon as they come in, which can help you be among the first to respond to them and thus (hopefully) get some of their followers to look at your profile.
• Lists
  • https://www.postplanner.com/how-to-use-twitter-lists-to-always-be-engaging/

Tactics for growing your following

• Have good tweets
  • https://twitter.com/KevinSimler/status/919270321831550976
    •  What I look for in ppl I follow:

      1. Able to teach me new things
      2. High signal:noise ratio
      3. Polite & agreeable
      4. Original thoughts > RTs

    • This was retweeted by @naval.
• Submit blog posts to HN / Reddit that become highly-upvoted, and have a link to your Twitter at the bottom of the post.
  • Apparently levelsio got a bunch of followers this way.
• Create something (a web app/service), submit it to Product Hunt / HN / Reddit, have it highly-upvoted, and link to your Twitter from the web app/service.
  • Apparently levelsio got a bunch of followers this way.
• Have someone on Twitter with a lot of real followers (followers who would find your tweets helpful) retweet a useful tweet of yours.
  • I have seen levelsio getting retweeted by people with far more followers than him, and I suspect (but have no evidence) that it has helped him grow his following.
• Get prominent / high-follower-count users to follow you, and when their followers look at your profile and see that the high-profile person follows you, they may be more willing to follow you.
  • You can get prominent users to follow you by replying to their tweets / helping them, and by having your list of tweets (as seen on your profile) be, on average, useful to that person.
• Automate liking other people's tweets
  • 2013.08.02 - JMOZ - Programmatically Increase Your Followers With the Twitter API and a Little Python
    • HN discussion
    • levelsio said he's done it
  • 2023 - It's not clear to me if this still works.  I'd need to check if users get notified of favorites.  I know that I don't see notifications of who my new followers are, for example.
• Buying followers
  • How to
    • 2015.12.02 - Moz Blog - The Ridiculously Smart Guide to Buying Legit Twitter Followers
  • Why not to
    • 2012(?) - iag.Me - 4 Reasons Why You Should Not Buy Followers
    • As mentioned here, long-time users of Twitter may notice if your tweets are not getting a 'normal' level of comments/likes/retweets given the number of followers that you have, and that may lead them to believe that you have purchased fake followers, which may make them think less of you, which may in turn make them less likely to follow you.

Exercises

• Every day:
  • Reach out.
    • Look at the top of your feed.
    • Be one of the first 3(?) people to comment on something that someone with a lot of followers has posted.
    • Say something interesting, which will make people want to look at your profile.
      • What to say:
        • Ask a question other people may want to ask.
      • How to say it:
        • Be polite / respectful.
  • Post something.
    • If you write a blog post, make it a tweet as well.

Advice

Others' advice

• https://blog.bufferapp.com/twitter-tips-for-beginners
• https://blog.bufferapp.com/advanced-twitter-tips
• https://www.postplanner.com/awesome-things-to-tweet-when-youre-out-of-ideas/
• https://www.inc.com/hollis-thomases/twitter-tips-11-things-to-tweet-now.html
• https://krausefx.com/blog/how-i-use-twitter

Profile

• Header image
  • Ways I've seen people use this space:
    • Highlight/advertise a product or idea of theirs
      • Examples:
        • Elon Musk shows a series of images showing the terraforming of Mars into an Earth-like habitat. So he's in-effect advertising SpaceX.
        • Michael Dell has a photo of a Dell PowerFlex rack server.
        • Tom Francis has a screenshot from Gunpoint.
        • Nathan J Robinson has a photo of some Current Affairs magazines laid elegantly on a table with some classy-looking vintage décor (lamp, telephone, globe, books).
        • Nomad Capitalist shows a graphic that looks like it could've been part of a website landing page, highlighting their book, their motto ("Go where you're treated best"), their length-of-time-in-business (10 years), their office building(?), and with a bullet-list of the services they offer.
        • Ray Dalio shows a photo of his book ("Principles"), a one-sentence description of why you might want to read it, and the website where you can buy it.
    • Make a joke
    • Display some scenery that reflects where they currently are or where they'd like to be.
    • Show a cool photo or art that they like or that will give people a sense of what they're about.
      • Jeremy Howard has a cool photo of himself racing a motorcycle around a corner at a steep angle.
      • Michael Nielsen has what looks like a photo he took, wide-angle, showing a field at dusk with what appears to be lights faintly illuminating flowers.
      • Steve Stewart-Williams has a montage of evolution-themed images: a photo of Darwin, the evolution-of-man image, a dinosaur, a trilobite fossil.
      • Massimo has a photo of the cast of Star Trek at the unveiling of the Space Shuttle in the 70s.
    • Leaving it blank or a solid color
      • Examples: John Carmack, Michael Tracey
      • Explanation: This seems to be fine for people who don't feel a need to use the space in one of the ways I've listed above. So, they have nothing they care to promote (or they don't want to be seen as overly promotional), they don't care to have a nice photo, etc.

Dagobert Renouf - How to Dominate Twitter

• https://dagorenouf.gumroad.com/l/how-to-dominate-twitter
• Kyle Gawley said this was a helpful course.

Daniel Vassallo - Everyone Can Build a Twitter Audience

• Product page
• My review:
  • I highly, highly recommend this if you're going to be taking Twitter seriously (like, trying to build an audience).
  • It's occasionally difficult to understand a word that he says, which is a little frustrating.
• My notes:
  • Preface: I'm writing down what I took from the course; you should obviously buy the course yourself to see if there's something he says that particularly resonates with you.
  • CourseMaker - Summary of Daniel Vassallo's Twitter Course
  • How to get your first 1000 followers (PDF)
    • His advice is basically what I'd already been doing with my blog: pay attention to what other people are asking for your thoughts on (because you've already thought a lot about a topic), and write up your answer as a blog post.
    • He says to keep it short; it should be a less-than-five-minute read.  That's something I hadn't really been considering.
      • On the other hand, his first blog post was 1120 words, or around an 8-and-a-half-minute read.  So clearly the "five minutes" is not a red line.
    • At the end you should add a single call-to-action "inviting" them to follow you on Twitter.  I hadn't been doing that.
      • Example of the end of his Indie Hackers post:
        

        If you liked this article, check out:

        How I set myself up financially before I took the plunge.
        And what I’m doing now for a living.
        
        Now that I can use Twitter without being subject to Amazon’s social media policy, you can follow me there as I continue to document my journey.

        ---

        Originally published at danielvassallo.com on February 9, 2019.

      • Interestingly, Pieter has multiple calls-to-action at the end of his blog posts:
        • P.S. I'm on Twitter too if you'd like to follow more of my stories. And I wrote a book called MAKE about building startups without funding. See a list of my stories or contact me. To get an alert when I write a new blog post, you can subscribe below:
    • The most important part that I hadn't been doing, which he did, was to post it not only on your personal blog but also on other sites where people might find it interesting.  In his case, he posted a link to his blog post on HN, and posted the entire text of the blog post on Indie Hackers and LinkedIn.  He said he also posts to Reddit and Quora.
    • He says to keep trying and iterate; don't get discouraged if you aren't immediately successful at getting people to pay attention.
    • Another gold tip I hadn't thought of: when you post on these other platforms, make sure you answer "every single question".
    • Interestingly, he doesn't talk about keeping your timeline clean, avoiding retweeting other people, etc.
  • Everyone Can Build a Twitter Audience (video)
    • Intro - About him
      • He worked at Amazon for 8 years, quit in January 2019 b/c he didn't like being an employee.
      • His first plan was to create and sell his own software.
      • He quickly got scared of the possibility that no one would pay attention to his software.
      • He'd been on Twitter as a lurker for years.
      • 18 days after his first blog post (which he cross-posted to HN, LinkedIn, and Indie Hackers) he was at ~2,300 followers.
      • 14 months later (at the time of making the video) he was at 24,000 followers.
      • He shows his current stats and summary stats of the past twelve months.
        • He was tweeting around 300-600 times per month, with a high of ~900.  So that's like 10-30 tweets per day.
        • His new followers per month varied a lot, from like ~180 up to ~4,000.
    • Credibility
      • You need to have credibility to get people to pay attention to you.
      • The best way to get credibility is to "do something interesting in real life" and then describe it: what you learned, what you experienced.  Something that your target audience would find interesting, would want to know more about.
        • This reminds me of how Pieter said that he got millionaires and billionaires to follow him by actually making stuff.
      • You don't have to only tweet about one topic.
      • If you're just starting out, just write about stuff you've already done rather than waiting until you've done new things.
      • Example: his first blog post
        • He thinks it would be interesting to other people who were interested in pursuing the lifestyle he was leaving behind (working for a big tech company to make a big salary).
        • He isn't sure exactly what kind of credibility he was establishing but he thinks maybe it was something like 'lifestyle design'.
      • Example: A friend of his wrote a blog post about his experience designing his own home
      • Example: 'I sell onions on the internet' - The blog post shows that the writer has an interesting perspective on business.
      • Example: The Gumroad guy blog post
      • He says it can be hard to explicitly state what the credibility is that the writer is earning, but he says that you know it when, after reading an article, you look forward to hearing more from that person, or you'd like to ask that person questions.
      • Once you have an audience, you can use the questions you get from them as ideas for new blog posts that can earn you credibility on new topics.
        • Example: after his first blog post he got personal-finance-related questions from his new followers; he started writing about it, and he thinks that earned him some credibility on that topic.
        • Example: He self-published a book and did a tweet thread about his experience after crossing $40k in sales.
          • Interestingly, he posted to Reddit (r/Entrepreneur) as well, but didn't post a call-to-action to follow him, he just posts a link to the book.  But he did link to three different tweets of his in the body of his post, as well as his HN/Indie Hackers/LinkedIn posts.
          • His IH post is just an invitation to ask him questions with no call-to-action to follow him, just a link to the book at the end.
          • His HN post is in the 'Tell HN' format; it's not just a link to his Gumroad.  And he has a link to one of his tweets in it.
        • Example: He did an experiment paying for ads on Reddit for ten days, then did a tweet thread about it, and started getting questions about it.
      • You need to be pursuing some credibility on some topic.
    • Measures of Success
      • "The number of followers" isn't important by itself.
      • It's better to aim to increase "the number of people who want to hear what you have to say".
      • The engagement metrics that Twitter shows can be used as an imperfect way of gauging how many people want to hear what you have to say.
      • How to get more people who want to hear from you:
        • You need to be helping people: teaching them, entertaining them, encouraging them.
        • Your audience should also be getting to know you on a personal level; people like doing business with people whom they feel they know.
          • Share how you think about things, what you like, how you make decisions, or other details about yourself.
          • I think he would say that you avoid the kind of formal, faceless, corporate writing style that you might see a lot on LinkedIn blog posts.
      • One indicator that you're developing this kind of connection with your audience is when you start to see people mentioning you on Twitter when recommending your stuff to their friends.
      • Most social media advice on Twitter focuses mostly on "hard engagement" metrics like retweets.
      • He thinks a 'like' is a better metric than a retweet of whether people are interested in what you're tweeting because users are more likely to 'like' a post, but it's not perfect because sometimes people don't want to be misinterpreted as being happy about the tweet (e.g. if it's a tweet about a bad outcome).
      • For each tweet just ask yourself if you're either helping your audience or allowing them to get to know you.
      • When you're starting out you also want to be focusing on improving your number of impressions (how many people are seeing your tweets).  He calls it your 'organic reach'.
      • He says if you're getting more impressions than your number of followers, that's a good sign that you're doing well.
      • He likes to use Twitter's analytics dashboard to get a sense of whether he's tweeting stuff that is getting recommended by Twitter's algorithm (because people are engaging with it).
    • The Funnel
      • Find your profile → Read your bio → Scroll your timeline → Follow you → Don't unfollow you later → Get value from you → Get to know you
      • FollowerWonk
        • "It helps" but "you don't need it"
        • He shows how there are spikes of new followers that he attributes to a tweet going viral or someone else with a lot of followers recommending him.
      • His new followers each month are between 1-4% of the number of profile visits he gets that month.
    • How to get people to find you
      • Blog posts that you cross-post to different social media sites.
        • He bolds the call-to-action (the link to his Twitter account).
        • He says something like "I'm going to be making more content like this on my Twitter account".
        • He thinks it's smarter to just have a single call-to-action (a single link).
        • He says it's a common mistake for people to not include a call-to-action / easy way to follow them.
      • Reply to people with lots of followers
        • You're aiming to add value to the conversation.
        • Generally you add value by providing an example or an additional data point.
        • You can also disagree with what they're writing.
        • You can use Tweetdeck to track all the comments being made by various accounts.
        • He says it's even better to just turn on notifications for the accounts you want to reply to.
          • This is probably better for not losing a ton of time on Twitter every day.
        • He explains that there's a big benefit from being one of the first to reply to a tweet, as you're more likely to get your tweet liked, which will make it one of the first to be visible, which will lead to more likes, so it's just a reinforcing loop.
        • He thinks this strategy was what got him from ~2,000 followers to ~6,000.
    • Bio
      • The most important thing is to give people a sense of why they should follow you. What are you going to be tweeting about? Why are you credible?
      • The pinned tweet should be...(??? I couldn't understand him but he seemed to be suggesting it should be something that should provide value and also display high value).
        • A good pinned tweet would be a tweet thread or blog post that both 1) has useful information and 2) has a lot of retweets and likes, as a way of displaying high value ("Lots of people are interested in what I have to say!").
      • He thinks the main thing people see when they click your profile is your bio and your pinned tweet.
    • Tweets
      • He thinks using hashtags in tweets doesn't help and could be distracting.
      • He says the Twitter algorithm only uses the number of likes of the first tweet in a thread to determine whether that first tweet should be promoted to more users; later tweets in a tweet thread are never promoted.  This burned him with his tweet about his first blog post because the main tweet that got likes was the second one in a thread.
      • He thinks it might be better to rewrite your blog posts as tweet threads when posting to Twitter.  "It's easier to get people to read a tweet thread than a blog post. (...) People like to stay on the same platform."
    • Whether to use your real name or a pseudonym, and whether to be totally anonymous
      • He brings up something I hadn't considered, which is that by not restricting yourself to using your real name and real photo, you give yourself more freedom to choose a name and photo that will maximize the likelihood that people will click on your profile, remember your name, etc.  He gives an example of someone who has a catchy pseudonym and an interesting profile picture of a dead fox.  So it's like how Hollywood actors use stage names that are easier for audiences to remember.
      • You can use a pseudonym and not be anonymous.
      • He brings up the obvious point that being anonymous makes sense if you don't want the content of your posts affecting your job.
      • He points out that being anonymous has the potential downside that people may feel more reluctant to recommend you to others if they don't feel like they have a connection to you or that you have something to hide.
    • How to Tweet
      • Understand that there are two types of tweets: you're either giving something to your audience or asking for something from your audience.
        • There's also a hybrid where you ask a question where you think your audience will be interested in each other's answers.  But you need to have a lot of followers before this will work.
      • You need to give a lot of value to your audience before you can expect to be able to ask them to do something and have them actually do it.
      • As mentioned before, giving value can mean teaching them something, entertaining them, etc.
      • Things you can ask for include asking for advice, doing a poll, asking them to go to a link or buy your product.
      • His first tweet where he asked for something was when he was at around 6,000 followers; he asked for people to sign up for his mailing list.
      • Think about it as if you have a balance of goodwill that you build up by providing value, and when you ask for something from your audience you're drawing from that balance.
      • He recommends you minimize retweets unless it's clearly adding value.  But he clarifies that it's because he finds a lot of retweets are asking for something from the person's audience.
        • He doesn't mention an idea I've heard elsewhere, which is that a retweet doesn't help as much to build a parasocial relationship with your audience.
    • Engagement
      • Bad examples: He looks at examples of accounts that have millions of followers but bad engagement.  He notes that one account has a lot of retweets, while another (Tim Ferris') has a lot of 'asking' tweets.  Tim also uses automation tools, which he says looks less authentic / human.
      • Good examples:
        • He holds out Sahil Lavingia (founder of Gumroad) as an example of an account with good engagement and someone who is tweeting well (value-providing stuff).
          • Sahil's pinned tweet is a link to a Medium article where he summarizes what he's learned from 8 years of working on Gumroad.
          • Sahil's timeline is filled with assertions.
          • He shows an example of how he replied to a tweet by Sahil, basically agreeing with Sahil but adding a caveat, and then Sahil retweeted it, getting Daniel ~40,000 impressions and ~50+ new followers.  He says this is a good example of how important it is to reply to other people when you're starting out.  He shows how he had opened Tweetdeck, seen Sahil's tweet, and replied.
        • He shows Simon Sarris as another good example.  He says Simon adds photos, which he thinks helps engagement, but also there's a high signal-to-noise ratio; all of his tweets are interesting.
    • Inspiration / what to tweet about
      • When he was starting out, at the end of the day, he would think about what interesting things happened that day.
        • Now he's better at recognizing interesting things immediately and tweeting about them immediately.
      • Think about what things took you a lot of effort to figure out.
      • Think about what things your friends and family ask you about life, business, etc.
      • Think about what decisions you're making, and whether that would be something of interest to your audience.
      • Go back and look at your old tweets, and think about whether you can add new context, or rephrase it in a better way.
        • New followers will be seeing the idea from you for the first time, while older followers benefit from the clarification in thinking.
    • What not to tweet about
      • Understand that you're going to be taking up people's time.
      • Try to ask yourself if you would be interested in hearing this information.
      • Be careful about being authentic:
        • It could be uninteresting (e.g. your favorite ice cream flavor).
        • It could hurt you outside of Twitter, e.g. your employment opportunities.
      • Remember you don't have an obligation to share everything.
      • Find the intersection of what interests you, what interests your audience, and what you have credibility on.
    • Other things to not do
      • Don't buy followers - You won't be building an audience this way
      • Don't trade follows (like, following back anyone who follows you, and following people to try to get them to follow you back) - You won't be building an audience this way
      • Don't tag a bunch of people
      • Don't be a nuisance
      • Don't focus on getting retweets - The easiest way to get a retweet is to praise someone, but these kinds of tweets tend to lead to very few profile clicks and new followers.
      • Don't ask for retweets, you're just being a nuisance
      • Don't get banned by Twitter - You have to worry about random Twitter employees misinterpreting something you say and then permanently banning you.  He knows of "dozens" of accounts that had 50,000+ followers where this happened.
        • He says the biggest risk here is when one of your tweets goes viral and gets noticed by a different "tribe" of people on Twitter, and then they start going through your old tweets to try to find something that they can flag to get you banned.
      • Don't get addicted to getting more followers/likes/retweets.  Be aware that you're going to get a dopamine hit from those things; don't let that derail you from your real life goals.
    • Recap of your starting strategy:
      • Write blog posts and cross-post them to different sites.  Include a call-to-action to follow you on Twitter.
      • Turn on tweet notifications and reply to larger accounts' tweets.
      • Remember to provide value in your tweets far more than you ask for something of value from your audience.
      • Reply to every question / DM / email.
      • Don't be a nuisance / boring.
      • Keep your eyes out for opportunities to start building credibility on new subjects.
      • Adapt your behavior based on the engagement you're getting.  Don't keep tweeting stuff that isn't interesting to your audience.
    • My Qs / thoughts:
      • His conception of 'credibility' seems a bit wishy-washy to me.  It seems more accurate to say that he was building his audience around the topics that he was blogging about.
      • Is there anything else I should know about how/when to post my blog articles to the different sites? 
        • Should I do anything to promote it? I remember reading that people would get their friends to send a few upvotes to their HN submission to give it a better chance of getting onto the front page.
        • If I can't post the content of the blog on the social media itself, should I prefer linking to a WordPress blog on my domain or to a Medium version of the post?  Or does it not matter?
      • When (if ever) did you stop putting as much effort into the blog strategy for getting followers?
      • How precisely do you use follows?  I feel like there may be a conflation happening in which, while a follow is meant to mean you find a person's feed more interesting than not, in reality it also is seen as a kind of endorsement ("I care what this person has to say"), and I wonder if large accounts would be reluctant to engage with me if I'm not following them (because I find their content on-average not of interest).
      • How precisely do you use likes? Do you ever go back through your liked tweets? Do you like followers' responses as a kind of 'thank you' / 'I saw that'?
      • Do you use bookmarks? If so, how do you use them differently from likes?
      • How should I think about tweet threads vs long tweets?
      • Should I avoid having an 'intent' link that puts up the 'follow' button front-and-center?
      • Your advice about avoiding retweeting is perhaps the most counter-intuitive idea from the course. I started retweeting to try to show people valuable information I came across on Twitter, but from watching your video and how other big accounts act on Twitter, I feel like the reason big accounts might avoid it is that 1) it requires browsing Twitter a lot to find the most-valuable information (time that could be better spent building your web app), 2) your audience may end up not remembering that you were the one that introduced them to the information, so you'd get no benefit from helping your audience.
      • Lists: Do you use them?
      • How much should I tweet?  Like, how many times per day?
      • How often should I write a blog post? Once per week?
      • Would he submit a blog post to multiple subreddits?
      • Do you distinguish at all between replying to a big account's "main" tweet vs. replying to one of their replies? I feel like only the main tweets are worth keeping an eye on in terms of the number of eyeballs you'll get.
      • How much time do you spend on Twitter every day?
      • How should a person determine whether it's worth investing time into building a Twitter audience, and how much time it's worth spending on that?  He is selling stuff directly to his audience; what if you don't have any plans to try to create and sell things directly to your audience?  What if you have B2C app ideas that you want to work on?  It seems like in that situation you might be better off spending that time working on the app and then just paying for ads or something.
  • Twitter stats
    • The 'tweet stats' spreadsheet already shows thousands of impressions of his first tweets, which makes me wonder if he maybe deleted older tweets.  But maybe he just got a lot of those impressions after later tweets went viral and people checked out his profile.

Udemy - Alex Genadinik - Twitter Marketing Course

• Product Page

What I'll be doing

• Profile:
  • Header image
    • My main goal at the moment is to get more followers, and so I'm going to be using my header image to try to help me convince people I'm worth following.
    • In GIMP, I set the zoom to 40% to match what it looks like on the website if I want to have text on the image.
  • Name
    • I'll be using my real name 
  • Username
    
    • Using my real name.
• Using blog posts to get followers
  • The blog post itself:
    • What to write about: Look out for situations where I'm giving someone my thoughts on something that I spent some time researching or thinking about.
    • How long should it be: ~650-750 words (so it takes at most 5 minutes to read)
    • End with a call-to-action to follow me on Twitter.

Tools

• Google Sheets - Twitter end-user tools
  • This is a list of end-user tools I got from some OSINT lists on GitHub, but the majority of the tools seem to be dead.
• Viewing tweets
  • TweetDeck
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TweetDeck
    • This is way better than the default way of using Twitter. It's mainly just a bunch of columns that you can fill in with various things you'd see in Twitter: your home feed, messages to you, etc.
    • Advantages:
      • It lets you use multiple Twitter accounts at once (viewing their feeds, tweeting, etc.).
      • You can schedule tweets.
      • You can monitor searches and get live updates when there are new tweets that fit that search.
      • You can have a column show the feed of a particular user, or a list that you've created.
    • Articles
      • http://www.socialmediatoday.com/social-networks/10-ways-get-more-out-tweetdeck-explained-twitter
      • http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-tips-to-help-you-use-tweetdeck-and-twitter-more-efficiently/
    • Mods
      • BetterTweetDeck 3
      • ModernDeck
  • From your browser panel
    • Silver Bird - As far as I can tell, this just lets you click on an extension button and check Twitter from it. I guess it's an alternative to having a tab open...?
• Tweeting
  • Scheduling tweets
    • Twittimer
    • Twuffer
    • FutureTweets
    • LaterBro
  • Sharing screenshots
    
    • General screenshot tools
      • Open Screenshot
      • Capture, Explain and Send
      • Screenshot Webpages
    • Sharing text in particular
      • Android 
        • Xcerpt
      • Chrome
        • Chirp
        • Liner
    • Lists
      • 2017.04.26 - NYT - Sharing More Than 140 Characters on Twitter
• Automation
  • Followr
    • http://www.zachtratar.com/followr.html
    • http://www.zachtratar.com/followrv1.html
• Switch between accounts quickly
  • Twitcher
• Learning about another user
  • Check if a user follows another particular user
    • https://doesfollow.com/
  • Check how many of a user's followers are fake
    • StatusPeople.com - Fake Follower Check
      • I'm curious to know how exactly they can determine which accounts are fake.
      • I was listed at 11% fake; levelsio was 6% fake.
  • See another user's Twitter feed
    • Otherside - This generates a Twitter list for you. Very easy to use!
• Analytics
  • followerwonk
• Lists
  • Chrome Web Store - Chrome extensions that mention "twitter" and are rated 4 stars or more
    • There are a lot of them, but you can actually load them all in one page.
  • 2016.09.07 - MakeUseOf - 9 Chrome Extensions You Need to Install Right Now
    • Rec'd: Chirp, Twitcher, EmojiPanel, InstaTwit, Twean, QualiTweet, Twitter Lists Redux, Refined Twitter, Better TweetDeck 3
  • 2016.12.05 - ShoutMeLoud - 5 Chrome Addons for Power Twitter User
    • Not a good article.
    • Rec'd extensions: TweetDeck, Yoono, Silver Bird, Notifier, Hotot.
    • Yoono looks like adware.

Related Information

Articles

• 2009.08.26 - TechCrunch - Twitter's Golden Ratio (That No One Likes To Talk About)
  
  • If a person has more followers than they are following, they’re probably a good person to at least consider following. If they are following more than they have more followers, the opposite may be true. (...) If they’re ratio is close to even, they may be worth looking at on a case-by-case basis.
  • if you’re only following say 20 people, and you’re active on Twitter, you probably see just about everything each of those 20 people say. That’s the reason people have started setting up separate accounts just to follow the people they really want to follow.
    
    • I was wondering how Marc Andreessen uses Twitter since he follows so many people, and I suspected this was what he was doing.
• 2012.08.20 - Adweek - New To Twitter? 25 Guidebooks, Resources And Tip Sheets That Turn Newbies Into Pros
• 2013(?) - Moz.com - A Beginner's Guide to Social Media - Chapter 7: Twitter
• 2015.12.02 - Moz Blog - The Ridiculously Smart Guide to Buying Legit Twitter Followers
  
  1. Don't buy fake Twitter followers.
     
     • Reason: Having huge follower numbers and low post engagement numbers looks bad.
  2. Real followers have real value. Amassing a large number of followers means Twitter will view you as an influencer. Once you reach that level, you can end up "stealing" a search result (e.g., a conference hashtag) because Twitter curates popular tweets and "pins" them at the top, which means you can potentially get millions of views from anyone searching for that hashtag. [And what he leaves unsaid is that if your followers are fake, your tweets will presumably not be considered 'popular' by Twitter's algorithms because the tweets won't actually be getting retweeted / replied to.]
  3. Don't give people a reason to follow. Try to create a high-engagement tweet. Give them a unicorn — share the rarest, greatest-performing tweet you've ever done as your Followers Campaign. 
• 2016.02.16 - Gary Vaynerchuk - Flying with a wounded wing: Why Twitter still has more than a chance
• 2016.03.20 - Buffer Social - 7 Ways I Accidentally Got More Twitter Followers (and 7 Ways You Can on Purpose!)
  • I think it's worth noting that she only has 1,602 followers as of 2017.06.06, and her tweets seem to get ~1-2 'likes'. So these ideas may not work if you're trying to get up to ~20k+ followers.
  1. I mentioned my location

     1. One afternoon I mentioned that it was a glorious day in Naperville at North Central College. The account replied to me, retweeted me, and all of a sudden I had a slew of Naperville-based businesses and Naperville-centric accounts following me.

  2. I mentioned smaller brands in Tweets
     
     1. when I mentioned how much I love Chicago-based Forever Yogurt in a blog post, I really wanted to let them know. So I mentioned them in a tweet with the link. Not only did Forever Yogurt follow me back, but they also retweeted the article. Soon enough, some of Forever Yogurt’s followers started following me. I accidentally got followers and exposure.
        
  3. I replied to bigger brands
     
     1. when Disney asked about their theme parks, I replied. Within a matter of minutes, I had at least ten new Twitter followers, and all of them were fellow Disney fans (or travel agents that wanted to sell me a Disney Cruise package). But why? Then I remembered that when you click on tweets from the web version of Twitter, you can see which public users reply to those tweets.
  4. I used Buffer to schedule relevant articles
     
     1. be one kick-ass content curator. Find other awesome people or brands in your niche and share really great articles. You’ll now be a source of excellent information that lots of people will want to follow. 
        
  5. I mentioned individual authors in Tweets
     
     1. getting recognition for a blog post feels awesome. (...) In addition to doing this for independent bloggers, I would start singling out authors from big multi-authored sites like Fast Company or Mashable. (She then shows an example) Both of these fantastic writers started following me once I mentioned them by name.
        
        1. Examples:
           1. The Productivity Secret of Professional Writers http://bit.ly/zkBXyR  via @jeffgoins
           2. Marvel Announces Big Digital Comics Push, But Will It Fly? http://bit.ly/z7CZry  -- great article via @fastcompany by @robsalk
  6. I replied to users that mentioned other users
     
     1. if they ask a question [of another user], I’ll reply. If they post an article that I find interesting or helpful [and reference the author], I’ll tell them.
  7. I Wrote Guest Posts [and had my Twitter handle in my bio at the end of the article]
     
• 2016.05.24 - The Atlantic - How Twitter's New Reply System Will Work