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Biology
Botany
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Cosmology
- 2000 - Cosmology (Textbook)
- Highly recommended by Luke Barnes in video 4 or 5 of his "Life in a Fine-Tuned Universe" lecture.
- 2002.09.20 - NYT - Radio Telescope Proves A Big Bang Prediction
Using their telescope in effect as a pair of Polaroid sunglasses, the team, headed by Dr. John Carlstrom of Chicago, discovered that a faint radio haze thought to be the fading remnant of the Big Bang itself is slightly polarized. That is to say, its flickering electromagnetic fields that constitute light waves were not completely jumbled, vibrating in all different planes as they sped to Earth, like feathers sticking out at all angles at the end of an arrow. Rather, they showed a slight preference for one plane of vibration, as if all the feathers lined up.
That, theorists say, is the predicted signature of the last bounce of light from hot, electrified cosmic gases just as the universe was cooling to the point where atoms could form, 400,000 years after the universe was born.
- The observations also represented another notch in the belt for one of the most controversial ingredients in the standard model of the Big Bang. Known as inflation, it posits that the universe underwent a hyperexplosive growth spurt early in its existence. Although it is successful as a theory, astronomers admit that they do not know what caused inflation or precisely when it happened.
- 2014.09.02 - YouTube - TED - Why does the universe exist?
- 2017.11.07 - YouTube - Before the Big Bang 5: The No Boundary Proposal
- 2018.03.14 - YouTube - StarTalk - Stephen Hawking on what happened before the Big Bang